HEBU ONA AKINA MAMA WANAVYOTESEKA

 Climate change in Tanzania: a search for water takes its toll
These photographs are part of a book, Changing Climate, Changing Lands, launched in Tanzania today. The book is part of a British Council programme that enables people around the world to better understand, document and communicate the causes and effects of climate change. Seven professional photojournalists were trained for five weeks and then sent out to record life at the sharp end of global warming.

In recent years unpredictable rainfall has reduced the availability of fresh water for the people of Namakongoro village in Lindi, Tanzania, eastern Africa
Forced to find an alternative, the community decided to explore the underground cave network used by rebels during the 1905 Maji Maji war. Digging down through the sand and dry topsoil, they gained access to the caves where they found a meagre supply of brackish water
The women walk to the caves each day to fetch water. Carrying buckets, they descend 30m on precarious homemade bamboo ladders 

Filling the buckets is a long and arduous task
This adaptation has helped the village survive the drought, but poses extreme danger and hardship for the women who are responsible for collecting the waterDroughts and floods are the two major extreme climate events affecting Tanzania today. In recent years floods have left thousands homeless and destroyed crops. Droughts have also had a significant impact on lives of the poor and vulnerable in the east African nation
In six droughts from 1980-2008 more than 7.96 million people were affected, losing their livestock and crops and leaving them in fear of starvation. These people are the least responsible for global climate change, yet they are already among those most affected by

CHANGAMSHA AKILI KWA KUSOMA SIMULIZI YA KUSIKITISHA NA KUSISIMUA AKILI YAKO HAPA

Katika kijiji cha Matare wilaya ya Mugumu
Serengeti, bwana Wambura alikamatwa kwa kesi
ya kusingiziwa na kuhukumiwa kwenda jela
miaka mitatu.

Huku nyuma akiacha mke na
watoto wanne waliokuwa wanasoma. Hukumu
hiyo ilimtesa sana kichwa chake, alitamani kila
mtu anayemhisi kuwa ana makosa aingie katika
moyo wake na kuupata ukweli. Alilia na
umaskini wake, labda angepata wakili mzuri
angeweza kumtetea, kumkosa wakili
kukahalalisha kifungo hicho!! Alikwenda
gerezani huku akiumia sana rohoni. Aliyaanza
maisha mapya kwa shida sana, akawamnyonge
kila mara na mwili ukapoteza afya kiujumla.

Huko gerezani alifanikiwa kupata rafiki
aliyekuwa na cheo ama jukumu la uzikaji wa
wafungwa hasahasa ambao hawakuwa na ndugu
ama ambao ndugu zao huwa hawajitokezi pale
gerezani. 

Mzikaji alijaribu sana kumtia moyo
Wambura na kumwaminisha kuwa hiyo ilikuwa
hatua tu ya maisha
anapaswa kuizoea na siku moja ukweli
utajulikana tu! Bwana Wambura maneno ya
mzikaji hayakumuingia kabisa.. alizidi
kunyong’onyea. “Siwezi kuvumilia kukaa
gerezani miaka mitatu…..kama unajali kilio
changu nisaidie nitoroke kwa namna yoyote ile
ndugu yangu!!” Wambura alimsihi mzikaji.

SIKU MOJA mzikaji akamwambia Wambura kuwa
msaada umepatikana. Lakini yataka moyo!!
“Nipo tayari kwa lolote ilimradi tu nitoke
humu!!” alijibu kwa msisitizo huku akimtegea
sikio mzikaji. “Msaada pekee wa kukutorosha
humu ndani ni kwa njia ya jeneza… yaani
mfungwa akifa mimi nakuunganisha naye
kwenye jenerza…..” akashusha pumzi kisha
akaendelea “Wewe ukisikia kengele ya msiba,
njoo mara moja kwenye chumba cha maiti,
utakuta tayari sanduku liko katikati ya chumba
linakuwa halijafungwa, funua mfuniko ingia
ndani yake ulale pembeni ya maiti kwani
sanduku huwa kubwa la kutosha kila aina ya
maiti na hata miili miwili inaingia.

Kisha nitakuja na kulipigilia misumari. Baada ya
muda tutalipakia kwenye gari na kutoka kwenda
nje ya gereza makaburini nikiongozana na
baadhi ya wafungwa na maaskari magereza.
Tutakuzika huko lakini baada ya dakika 20 hadi
30 nitarudi kukufukua. Hautaweza kushindwa
kupumua kwa dakika hizo, utatoka ukiwa huru.”
JAPOKUWA wazo lilikuwa zuri lakini lilimtisha
sana Wambura. Hata hivyo akaona afadhali
afanye hivyo
kuliko kukaa gerezani miaka mitatu
bila kosa. Siku moja akasikia kengele ya msiba.
Akafanya kama alivyoelekezwa na mzikaji.
Akaenda na kuingia chumba cha maiti. Kweli
akalikuta sanduku, akiwa na hofu
kuu akaingia na kulala pembeni ya maiti
iliyokuwepo. Mara akasikia mtu ameingia na
kulipigilia msumari sanduku. Muda mfupi
baadaye sanduku likainuliwa na kuwekwa
kwenye gari. Gari likatoka nje ya gereza hadi
makaburini. Sanduku likashushwa
na kuwekwa kaburini na kuanza kufukiwa.

Wambura alijitahidi sana kuvumilia japo hofu
ilizidi kutanda. Alimtegemea sana mzikaji na
alianza kumuona mkombozi wa maisha yake.
Kama alivyoambiwa, akasubiri
dakika kumi, ishirini.. zikapita kimya!! Dakika
thelathini kimya. Joto nalo likazidi kuongezeka.
“Nitavumilia hadi afike…” alijisemea kisha
akajiongezea kauli ya ujasiri.
“Kama nilitakiwa kuishi gerezani miaka mitatu
kivipi dakika kadhaa za hapa kaburini
zinishinde” KWA kuwa alishakaa gerezani kwa
muda kiasi akatamani kujua aliyekufa ni nani…
ni kweli aliogopa kuitazama maiti lakini aliona
kama inatisha zaidi ikiwa
imefunikwa vile kuliko ikiwa wazi. Akaifunua
upande wa usoni… Kwa kuwa kulikuwa na giza
nene alikodoa sana macho kuitazama.

LAHAULA!!! MACHO YAKAKUTANA
NA SURA YA MZIKAJI!!!
MZIKAJI ALIKUWA AMEKUFA NA AMEZIKWA NA
AHADI ZAKE ZA UKOMBOZI!!
________________
FUNZO::
Usimtegemee sana mwanadamu katika maisha
yako, kwanza ni dhambi!! Pili mwanadamu
anakumbana na vikwazo kama unavyokumbana
navyo wewe hadi kumwendea yeye. Hivyo
kumpatia maisha yako ni kuzidi kuyaweka
hatarini zaidi!!
Umeonewa umesingiziwa unanyanyaswa…..
mwachie Mungu afanye maamuzi

HEBU ONA AKINA MAMA WANAVYOTESEKA

 Climate change in Tanzania: a search for water takes its toll
These photographs are part of a book, Changing Climate, Changing Lands, launched in Tanzania today. The book is part of a British Council programme that enables people around the world to better understand, document and communicate the causes and effects of climate change. Seven professional photojournalists were trained for five weeks and then sent out to record life at the sharp end of global warming.

In recent years unpredictable rainfall has reduced the availability of fresh water for the people of Namakongoro village in Lindi, Tanzania, eastern Africa
Forced to find an alternative, the community decided to explore the underground cave network used by rebels during the 1905 Maji Maji war. Digging down through the sand and dry topsoil, they gained access to the caves where they found a meagre supply of brackish water
The women walk to the caves each day to fetch water. Carrying buckets, they descend 30m on precarious homemade bamboo ladders

Filling the buckets is a long and arduous task
This adaptation has helped the village survive the drought, but poses extreme danger and hardship for the women who are responsible for collecting the water Droughts and floods are the two major extreme climate events affecting Tanzania today. In recent years floods have left thousands homeless and destroyed crops. Droughts have also had a significant impact on lives of the poor and vulnerable in the east African nation
In six droughts from 1980-2008 more than 7.96 million people were affected, losing their livestock and crops and leaving them in fear of starvation. These people are the least responsible for global climate change, yet they are already among those most affected by

HUU NDIO UHUSIANO WA JACKIE CLIFF NA BIASHARA YA MADAWA YA KULEVYA (UNGA)

Jackie Cliff… mrembo wa haja niliyeanza kumfahamu kwenye video ya She Got A Gwan ya Ngwair. Ni msichana aliyeenda hewani na Mungu kampelea haswaa. Ukikutana naye huwezi kumwangalia mara moja ukaridhika, lazima ugeukE kumwangalia tena.

Nilipata bahati ya kumhoji mwezi September mwaka jana kwenye fashion show ya Ally Rehmtullah iliyofanyika kwenye hoteli ya Serena, jijini Dar es Salaam na katika maongezi yetu kuhusu Ngwair na kazi yake kama mrembo wa video nikagundua kuwa, Jackie ni msichana mpiganaji asiyejali kitu.
Jackie The Boss Lady, ni msichana anayejulikana kwa kuishi maisha ya kifahari yakiwemo kuendesha magari ya gharama ambayo wengi yaliwapa maswali mengi, ni wapi anapata fedha hizo? Ni kweli fani ya urembo inalipa hivyo? Sijasahau pia kuwa aliyekuwa mume wake, ni miongoni mwa madon wa Dar na ambaye alifungwa kwa miaka kadhaa kwa shutuma zile zile za sembe.
Huenda fedha alizokuwa akizitumia na kuziumiza roho za watu wengi zilikuwa za mume wake ama tayari alikuwa ameshaanza kufanya biashara hiyo haramu na ya hatari kabisa duniani.
Ni ngumu kujua nani aliyemuingiza Jackie kwenye biashara hiyo lakini uhakika mkubwa ni kuwa aliingizwa na mtu wake wa karibu, mume ama mpenzi wake. Kwa lugha nyingine ni kwamba, nyuma ya wasichana wengi wanaofanya biashara hii, wapo wanaume, madon wenye nguvu, madaraka, connection na fedha nyingi ambao si rahisi kuwafahamu. Hata wale wanaofahamika, ni nguvu kuthibitisha tuhuma hizo kwakuwa si wao wanaosafiri.
Kwa mtu kama Ray C, ambaye kukamatwa kwa Jackie hakumshtui hata kidogo kutokana na jinsi anavyowachukia wafanya biashara wa sembe, naamini anapata hasira kufahamu ukweli huu kwamba, wasichana hawa wanatumiwa tu.
Kuna watu wakubwa nyuma yao. Matajiri wakubwa katika nchi hii ambao ukitaka kuwajua, unaweza kujikuta pabaya hasa kama unaishi kwenye nchi kama Tanzania ambayo fedha inaongea kuliko haki na rushwa imetawala. Ni rahisi kudeal na majambazi kuliko kudeal na wazee wa unga. Wale waliojaribu wanajua vitisho walivyovipata. Biashara ya unga ni hatari kwa vijana wengi wa Tanzania na wauzaji wanajua hilo, lakini kamwe hawawezi kukubali kuona unawaharibia ugali wao.
Akina Jackie, Agnes na wengine, ni mfano tu wa wasichana wengi warembo na mastaa wa Tanzania wanaotumiwa kwenye biashara hii haramu. Wapo wengi, wanaume na wanawake, wenye majina na wanaofanya kazi hii. Naamini siku moja atakuja kukamatwa mtu asiyetegemewa kabisa na kila mmoja atabaki mdomo wazi.

Pengine kinachowaponza wasichana wengi, ni kutaka kuishi maisha yasiyo yao. Hupenda kuishi maisha ya anasa na starehe. Kwa mji kama Dar es Salaam na maisha fake ya Instagram yanayooneshwa na wasichana wengi wa Kibongo, inahitaji moyo kwa msichana mrembo kuvumilia kuishi maisha ya kawaida.
Na ndio maana, wengi hujikuta kwenye himaya za wauza unga ambao pamoja na kuwageuza chombo cha starehe zao za kimwili, huwaingia kwenye biashara hizo hatari na hata kama uhusiano ukiisha, wengi hushindwa kujitoa.
Wakati ambapo kila mtu anamsema vibaya Jackie na kumkejeli kwa kila neno, tujikumbushe kuwa, nyuma yake wapo watu wazito na hatari zaidi. Jackie kafundishwa tu kuvua samaki na aliyemfundisha haoni shida kutafuta msichana mwingine wa kuziba pengo hilo na biashara itaendelea.
Kama ilivyo kwa Jackie na hata kwa Agnes Masongange, ukifanikiwa kuufuatilia mlolongo wa wahusika, ni lazima ukufikishe kwa mtu mzito anayewapa kazi hizo. Kwakuwa safari moja tu ya kupeleka ama kuleta madawa nchini na iliyofanikiwa inaweza kubadilisha maisha yao kabisa, wasichana wengi warembo wameshindwa kukataa ofa hizo.
Hujiulizi kwanini wanaotumiwa kwenye safari hizi karibu wote ni wasichana warembo?
Kwa muda mrefu, kumekuwepo uhusiano mkubwa kati ya urembo na biashara hiyo. Si Tanzania tu, bali ni duniani kote.
Hii ni kwasababu ni ngumu kuhisi ‘uharamu’ wowote kwenye sura nzuri ya msichana na tena anayejulikana kwa kazi nyingine tofauti. Kama ya ulimbwende.
Swali la kujiuliza, ni kwanini madon hawa huwatumia zaidi warembo wa video ama Mamiss? Hadi sasa watatu wanafahamika kunaswa na mtego. Binti Kiziwi ambaye amefungwa nchini China, Jackie Cliff ambaye naye kifungo kinamngojea na Agnes Masogange ambaye kesi yake iligeuka kuwa nyepesi na kuhukumiwa kulipa faini tu.
Hii ni mifano ya jinsi uhusiano kati ya urembo na usafirishaji wa madawa ya kulevya ulivyo.
Angie Sanclemente Valencia ni mfanyabiashara wa madawa ya kulevya nchini Colombia. Alianza kama mlimbwende na kushinda shindano la ‘Reinado Nacional del Cafe’ lakini alishika taji hilo kwa siku mbili tu na baadaye kupokonywa baada ya kubainika kuwa alikuwa ameolewa. Kuanzia hapo akaingia kwenye biashara hiyo.

Inaamina kuwa Valencia aliingia kwenye biashara hiyo baada ya kuwa na uhusiano na don mmoja wa madawa wa nchini Mexico. Walipoachana, alichukua ujuzi wote aliojifunza kwa mumewe na kuendelea na biashara mwenyewe.
Aliajiri mamodel na kuanza kuwatumia na kuwalipa $5,000 kwa kila safari ya kubeba cocaine kutoka Argentina kwenda Uingereza. Angie alikuwa akiwaita wasichana hao ‘malaika’ kwa kigezo kuwa ‘pretty girls pass easily through customs’ (wasichana warembo huvuka mipaka kiurahisi). Angie baada ya kukamatwa
Baada ya msichana mmoja kati ya hawa kukamatwa, alikisanua na Valencia alikamatwa mwaka 2010 na kufungwa miaka 6.
Miss Sinaloa 2008 (eneo la Mexico maarufu kwa biashara ya unga) Laura Zuniga, alikamatwa mwaka 2010 akiwa na wanaume saba wakiwa na madawa ya kulevya.
Laura Zuniga
Mrembo mwingine aitwaye Maria Susana Flores Gamez aliuwa mwaka juzi baada ya tukio la kurushiana risasi na wanajeshi nchini Mexico.
Maria Susana Flores Gamez
Mrembo huyo alikuwa akisafiri na kundi la wauza unga hatari nchini humo. February mwaka 2012, Flores Gamez alivishwa taji la Woman Of Sinaloa na pia alishiriki kwenye mashindano mengine saba makubwa. Kama angeendelea angekuja kugombea taji la Miss Mexico na kisha Miss Universe lakini badala yake Maria aliishia kujihusisha na biashara hiyo haramu.
“Kuna uhusiano kati ya biashara ya madawa ya kulevya na mashindano ya urembo,” aliandika Javier Valdez kwenye kitabu chake cha mwaka 2009 kiitacho ‘Miss Narco’ kilichoangalia uhusiano kati ya biashara hiyo na walimbwende.
“Ni suala la uhuru, nguvu, pesa lakini pia suala la mahitaji,” alisema Valdez.
“Kwa wasichana wengi ni rahisi kujiingiza kwenye matukio haya kwenye nchi ambayo inatoa fursa kwa vijana.”
Mtandao wa panoramas.pitt.edu uliandika makala iitwayo ‘Narcotrafficking and Beauty Queens’ kuangalia uhusiano huo pia.
Mfanyabiashara mmoja wa Colomboa aliliambia gazeti la ‘El Nuevo Herald’ sababu za wasichana warembo kujihusisha na biashara hiyo na kusema kuwa wengi huingia kupitia wapenzi wao, nguvu na status. Kingine wanawake wameonekana kumudu zaidi usafirishaji wa madawa ya kulevya na hivyo wafanyabiashara wengi hupenda kuwatumia.
Sababu ni kwamba, urembo hufukuza kushtukiwa na kwamba wanawake wanaweza kupitisha madawa kwa urahisi kuliko wanaume. Kwa sasa wanawake wameendelea kutokea kwenye orodha ya watu wanaotafutwa sana nchini Marekani, Mexico na Colombia.
Mtindo huu unaokua miongoni mwa wanawake na usafirishaji wa madawa ya kulevya, unachangia katika tatizo la kitamaduni lililopo la wanawake kuamini kuwa urembo na mvuto wa kimapenzi vinatakiwa kutumika kupata status na nguvu. “Stories, television shows and music exacerbate the normalization of women entering the world of illegal narcotics by the allure of lavish lifestyles,” uliandika mtandao huo.

HII NDIO ORODHA YA NCHI ZENYE AMANI DUNIANI, TANZANIA HATA HAMSINI BORA HAIPO, SOMA HAPA UJUE NI YA NGAPI

Niliamua kutafuta orodha hii kwenye mitandao mbalimbali duniani baada ya kile nilichoamini
kuwa Tanzania ni nchi ambayo inaongoza katika orodha hiyo au kuwemo kwenye 10 bora.
Niliamini hivyo kutokana na ngonjera za viongozi wetu kuwa Miongoni mwa vitu ambavyo 
Tumejaliwa ni amani ambayo haipatikani popote zaidi ya Tanzania. 
Tuache maneno.
Zenye amani na furaha

1. Iceland
2. Newzealand
3. japan
4. Denmark
5. Jamhuri ya check
6. Austria
7. Finland
8. Canada
9. Norway
10. Slovenia

Ambazo ziko chini kabisa ni

1. Somalia
2. Iraq
3. Sudan
4. Afghanistan
5. Jamhuri ya watu wa Korea
6. Jamhuri ya watu wa Congo
7. Urusi
8. Pakistan
9. Israel
10. Afrika ya kati

*Tanzania iko nafasi ya 56
Angalia Orodha ndefu.

Country	2013 GPI Score	2013 Rank	2012 GPI score	2012 GPI rank
Iceland	1.16	1	1.11	1
Denmark	1.21	2	1.24	2
New Zealand	1.24	3	1.24	2
Canada	1.31	8	1.32	4
Japan	1.29	6	1.33	5
Austria	1.25	4	1.33	6
Ireland	1.37	12	1.33	6
Slovenia	1.37	13	1.33	8
Finland	1.30	7	1.35	9
Switzerland	1.27	5	1.35	10
Belgium	1.34	10	1.38	11
Qatar	1.48	19	1.40	12
Czech Republic	1.40	14	1.40	13
Sweden	1.32	9	1.42	14
Germany	1.43	15	1.42	15
Portugal	1.47	18	1.47	16
Hungary	1.52	23	1.48	17
Norway	1.36	11	1.48	18
Bhutan	1.49	20	1.48	19
Malaysia	1.57	29	1.48	20
Mauritius	1.50	21	1.49	21
Australia	1.44	16	1.49	22
Singapore	1.44	16	1.52	23
Poland	1.53	25	1.52	24
Spain	1.56	27	1.55	25
Slovakia	1.62	33	1.59	26
Taiwan	1.54	26	1.60	27
Netherlands	1.51	22	1.61	28
United Kingdom	1.79	44	1.61	29
Chile	1.59	31	1.62	30
Botswana	1.60	32	1.62	31
Romania	1.58	30	1.63	32
Uruguay	1.53	24	1.63	33
Vietnam	1.77	41	1.64	34
Croatia	1.57	28	1.65	35
Costa Rica	1.76	40	1.66	36
Laos	1.72	39	1.66	37
Italy	1.66	34	1.69	38
Bulgaria	1.66	34	1.70	39
France	1.86	53	1.71	40
Estonia	1.71	38	1.72	41
Korea, South	1.82	47	1.73	42
Lithuania	1.78	43	1.74	43
Argentina	1.91	60	1.76	44
Latvia	1.77	41	1.77	45
United Arab Emirates	1.68	36	1.78	46
Kuwait	1.70	37	1.79	47
Mozambique	1.91	61	1.80	48
Namibia	1.81	46	1.80	49
Ghana	1.90	58	1.81	50
Zambia	1.83	48	1.83	51
Sierra Leone	1.90	59	1.86	52
Lesotho	1.84	49	1.86	53
Morocco	1.90	57	1.87	54
Tanzania	1.89	55	1.87	55
Burkina Faso	2.06	87	1.88	56
Djibouti	1.92	63	1.88	56
Mongolia	1.92	64	1.88	58
Oman	1.81	45	1.89	59
Malawi	1.98	74	1.89	60
Panama	1.89	56	1.90	61
Jordan	1.86	52	1.90	62
Indonesia	1.88	54	1.91	63
Serbia	1.91	62	1.92	64
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1.97	71	1.92	65
Albania	1.96	69	1.93	66
Moldova	1.98	74	1.93	66
Macedonia	2.04	79	1.94	68
Guyana	1.96	70	1.94	69
Cuba	1.92	65	1.95	70
Ukraine	2.24	111	1.95	71
Tunisia	2.00	77	1.96	72
Cyprus	1.84	49	1.96	73
Gambia	2.09	93	1.96	74
Gabon	2.00	76	1.97	75
Paraguay	2.06	84	1.97	76
Greece	1.96	68	1.98	77
Senegal	2.06	85	1.99	78
Peru	2.26	113	2.00	79
Nepal	2.06	82	2.00	80
Montenegro	1.98	73	2.01	81
Nicaragua	1.93	66	2.01	81
Brazil	2.05	81	2.02	83
Bolivia	2.06	86	2.02	84
Ecuador	2.06	83	2.03	85
Swaziland	2.07	88	2.03	85
Equatorial Guinea	2.07	89	2.04	87
United States	2.13	99	2.06	88
China	2.14	101	2.06	89
Dominican Republic	2.10	94	2.07	90
Bangladesh	2.16	105	2.07	91
Guinea	2.27	116	2.07	92
Papua New Guinea	2.13	99	2.08	93
Trinidad and Tobago	2.07	90	2.08	94
Angola	2.15	102	2.10	95
Guinea-Bissau	2.43	132	2.10	95
Cameroon	2.19	108	2.11	97
Uganda	2.18	106	2.12	98
Tajikistan	2.28	118	2.12	99
Madagascar	2.07	90	2.12	99
Liberia	2.05	80	2.13	101
Mali	2.35	125	2.13	102
Sri Lanka	2.23	110	2.14	103
Congo	2.18	107	2.15	104
Kazakhstan	2.03	78	2.15	105
Saudi Arabia	2.12	97	2.18	106
Haiti	2.08	92	2.18	107
Cambodia	2.26	115	2.21	108
Belarus	2.12	96	2.21	109
Uzbekistan	2.33	124	2.22	110
Egypt	2.26	113	2.22	111
El Salvador	2.24	112	2.22	111
Jamaica	2.27	117	2.22	113
Benin	2.16	104	2.23	114
Armenia	2.12	98	2.24	115
Niger	2.36	127	2.24	116
Turkmenistan	2.15	103	2.24	117
Bahrain	2.11	95	2.25	118
Rwanda	2.44	135	2.25	119
Kenya	2.47	136	2.25	120
Algeria	2.28	119	2.26	121
Eritrea	2.29	120	2.26	122
Venezuela	2.37	128	2.28	123
Guatemala	2.22	109	2.29	124
Mauritania	2.33	122	2.30	125
Thailand	2.38	130	2.30	126
South Africa	2.29	121	2.32	127
Iran	2.47	137	2.32	128
Honduras	2.33	123	2.34	129
Turkey	2.44	134	2.34	130
Kyrgyzstan	2.39	131	2.36	131
Azerbaijan	2.35	126	2.36	132
Philippines	2.37	129	2.42	133
Cote d' Ivoire	2.73	151	2.42	134
Mexico	2.43	133	2.44	135
Lebanon	2.58	142	2.46	136
Ethiopia	2.63	146	2.50	137
Burundi	2.59	144	2.52	138
Myanmar	2.53	140	2.52	139
Zimbabwe	2.70	149	2.54	140
Georgia	2.51	139	2.54	141
India	2.57	141	2.55	142
Yemen	2.75	152	2.60	143
Colombia	2.63	147	2.62	144
Chad	2.49	138	2.67	145
Nigeria	2.69	148	2.80	146
Libya	2.60	145	2.83	147
Syria	3.39	160	2.83	147
Pakistan	3.11	157	2.83	149
Israel	2.73	150	2.84	150
Central African Republic	3.03	153	2.87	151
Korea, North	3.04	154	2.93	152
Russia	3.06	155	2.94	153
Congo, Democratic Republic of	3.08	156	3.07	154
Iraq	3.24	159	3.19	155
Sudan	3.24	158	3.19	156
Afghanistan	3.44	162	3.25	157
Somalia	3.39	161	3.39	158